印刷的歷史悠久，知識也繁瑣細碎，為了讓讀者了解掌握印刷這門重要的藝術(shù)，今天濟南印刷廠小編特意從與印刷息息相關(guān)的溫度著手，歸納講述四種常見的常溫印刷方式，以一目了然的示例、通俗易懂的文字，讓每個人都能站在印刷的起跑線。

Printing has a long history and complicated knowledge. In order to let readers understand and master the important art of printing, today's small editor of Jinan Printing Factory specially starts with the temperature closely related to printing, and summarizes four common normal temperature printing methods, so that everyone can stand at the starting line of printing with clear examples and easy-to-understand words.

平版印刷

Lithography

平版印刷是目前商業(yè)印刷中普遍的印刷技術(shù)，即利用水、油互不相溶的原理，通過印版與橡皮滾筒的作用，將圖文轉(zhuǎn)印到承印物上。這種方式不僅使印版的磨損減少，提高印刷的速度與精度，且對表面材質(zhì)不同的承印物也有很好的適用性。

Offset printing is a common printing technology in current commercial printing, that is, the principle of water and oil immiscibility. Through the action of printing plate and rubber drum, the image and text are transferred to the substrate. This method not only reduces the wear of printing plate, improves the speed and accuracy of printing, but also has good applicability for substrates with different surface materials.

平版印刷印版上的圖形是正向的，在印刷過程中，印版空白部分先由濕潤裝置涂布均勻適量的水，以形成水膜保護空白處不受油墨影響；接著圖文部分通過著墨機構(gòu)吸附上油墨，隨后在壓力的作用下，油墨轉(zhuǎn)移到橡皮滾筒，再經(jīng)滾筒轉(zhuǎn)印復制到承印材料上，從而達到印刷的目的。平版印刷因此也是一種間接印刷的方式。

The graphics on the lithographic printing plate are positive. During the printing process, the blank part of the printing plate is coated with a uniform amount of water by the wetting device to form a water film to protect the blank part from the influence of the ink; Next, the image and text parts absorb the ink through the inking mechanism, and then under the pressure, the ink is transferred to the rubber drum, and then transferred to the printing material through the drum transfer, so as to achieve the purpose of printing. Therefore, lithography is also a way of indirect printing.

凸版印刷

relief printing

凸版印刷早來源于石拓與印章，是歷史久遠的印刷方式。其特征是圖文部分高于空白部分，因此印刷機的油墨裝置往印版均勻轉(zhuǎn)移油墨時，只有圖文部分才能附上油墨，空白部分則不會有油墨；接著承印物被送到印版與壓印滾筒之間，在印刷壓力的作用下，圖文部分的油墨順利轉(zhuǎn)移到承印物上。

Relief printing, which originated from stone and seal, is a printing method with a long history. Its characteristic is that the image and text part is higher than the blank part, so when the ink device of the printing machine uniformly transfers ink to the printing plate, only the image and text part can be attached with ink, and the blank part will not have ink; Then the substrate is sent between the printing plate and the impression cylinder. Under the effect of printing pressure, the ink in the image and text part is transferred to the substrate smoothly.

由于印刷壓力比較大，在印刷文字、線條與一些紋路比較復雜的圖案時，凸版印刷有很好的表現(xiàn)力，輕微凸起的印痕更能增加印刷品的質(zhì)感。凸版印刷的墨色濃厚飽滿，彩色飽和，黑色沉穩(wěn)，能印刷表面粗糙的承印物。

Because of the high pressure of printing, letterpress printing has a good expressive force when printing characters, lines and some patterns with complex patterns. Slightly raised prints can increase the texture of the printed matter. The ink color of relief printing is thick and full, the color is saturated, the black is stable, and it can print the substrate with rough surface.

凹版印刷

gravure

與凸版印刷相反，凹版印刷的印版圖文部分低于空白部分。自15世紀的歐洲開始，從手工雕刻金屬版，到腐蝕凹版、機械雕刻凹版，到更后的激光雕刻凹版與電子束雕刻凹版，凹版印刷一直發(fā)展，其印刷品色彩穩(wěn)定豐富，能準確還原色彩，不易仿造，因此多用于防偽及紙鈔印刷。

Contrary to letterpress printing, the image and text part of the gravure printing plate is lower than the blank part. Since the 15th century in Europe, gravure printing has been developing from hand-carved metal plates, to corrosion gravure, mechanical engraving gravure, to laser engraving gravure and electron beam engraving gravure. Its printing products are stable and rich in color, can accurately restore color, and is not easy to copy, so it is mainly used for anti-counterfeiting and banknote printing.

凹版的圖文部分凹陷于零線，印刷時凹陷的圖文部分被填滿油墨，刮墨刀繼而把空白部分的油墨刮掉，承印物被放在印版與壓印滾筒之間，經(jīng)由壓力把凹陷中的油墨轉(zhuǎn)移到承印物上。圖文部分的凹陷深淺不同，較深的地方油墨較多，壓印后的承印物墨層比較厚，故而顏色也比較深；反之，凹陷較淺的地方印出來顏色就比較淡。所以圖文的深淺是由凹版的凹陷深淺來決定的。

The image and text part of the gravure plate is sunken at the zero line. When printing, the sunken image and text part is filled with ink. The ink scraper then scrapes off the ink in the blank part. The substrate is placed between the printing plate and the impression cylinder, and the ink in the sunken part is transferred to the substrate through pressure. The depth of the depression in the image and text is different. There are more inks in the deeper places. The ink layer of the substrate after the embossing is thicker, so the color is also darker; On the contrary, the lighter part of the depression will be printed with lighter color. Therefore, the depth of the image and text is determined by the concave depth of the intaglio.

絲網(wǎng)印刷

screen printing

絲網(wǎng)印刷屬于孔版印刷的一種，名字源于絲網(wǎng)印版。絲網(wǎng)印刷的網(wǎng)版并非一定要用絲質(zhì)綢布，其他如棉網(wǎng)、金屬網(wǎng)等都可以使用。現(xiàn)在大多使用化學纖維織成的綢布，相比絲網(wǎng)布更耐用，所以絲網(wǎng)印刷也叫作“網(wǎng)版印刷”或簡稱“網(wǎng)印”。絲網(wǎng)印版制作原理非常簡單，把空白部分的絲網(wǎng)孔堵住，留下圖文部分。印刷時把印版置于承印物之上固定，利用刮板刮壓，油墨通過圖文部分的網(wǎng)孔轉(zhuǎn)印到承印物上。

Screen printing is a kind of hole printing, and its name comes from screen printing. It is not necessary to use silk cloth for screen printing. Other types of screen printing, such as cotton screen and metal screen, can be used. Nowadays, most of the silk fabrics woven with chemical fibers are more durable than the screen fabrics, so screen printing is also called "screen printing" or "screen printing" for short. The production principle of screen printing plate is very simple. The screen hole in the blank part is blocked, leaving the image and text part. When printing, the printing plate is fixed on the substrate, scraped and pressed with a scraper, and the ink is transferred to the substrate through the mesh of the graphic part.

絲網(wǎng)印刷設備簡單，操作方便，承印的載體更是比其他三種印刷要廣泛，除了一般的紙張以外，塑料制品、金屬、布面、皮革及玻璃等材質(zhì)也可用于絲網(wǎng)印刷。其承印物可以是硬物，也可以是軟物，可以是平面，也可以是彎曲球面、凹凸面等。

The screen printing equipment is simple, easy to operate, and the printing carrier is more extensive than the other three types of printing. In addition to ordinary paper, plastic products, metal, cloth, leather, glass and other materials can also be used for screen printing. Its substrate can be hard or soft, can be flat, can also be curved spherical surface, concave and convex surface, etc.

了解印刷理論是一回事，而熟悉印刷操作又是另一回事。就算你能把印刷知識倒背如流，也不能保證在環(huán)環(huán)相扣的印刷流程中不會“翻車”，何況印刷材料和工藝推陳出新，靈感不斷叩擊創(chuàng)意的天花板，你總摁不住想進行印刷實驗的手。因此，在印刷作品的設計中，印刷經(jīng)驗的分享是十分重要的，特別是前人在印刷事故多發(fā)路段豎起的警示牌和極限風景的探險攻略。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容就來我們網(wǎng)站http://775828.cn咨詢！

It is one thing to understand printing theory, and another to be familiar with printing operation. Even if you can recite the printing knowledge, you can't guarantee that you won't "turn over" in the interlocking printing process. What's more, printing materials and processes will bring forth new ideas, and inspiration will continue to knock on the ceiling of creativity. You can't hold your hand to carry out printing experiments. Therefore, in the design of printing works, the sharing of printing experience is very important, especially the warning signs erected by predecessors in the sections where printing accidents occur frequently and the exploration strategies of extreme scenery. Come to our website for more relevant content http://775828.cn consulting service